How Does the Sun Cause Skin Cancer?

Understanding how ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages skin cells and increases the risk of skin cancer, with practical tips for prevention.

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is one of the leading causes of skin cancer. While sunlight provides vitamin D and contributes to overall well-being, prolonged and unprotected exposure can damage the DNA of skin cells, increasing the likelihood of genetic mutations that may develop into cancer over time.

Skin cancer is generally classified into non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. Non-melanoma skin cancers usually grow slowly and rarely spread, while melanoma is the most aggressive type and can spread to other organs if not detected early.

More than 80% of skin cancer cases are associated with excessive UV exposure, including radiation from the sun and artificial tanning devices. Studies also estimate that approximately 85% of melanoma cases are linked to UV radiation.

Everyone can develop skin cancer regardless of skin color, although individuals with fair skin are at higher risk. Protecting your skin by avoiding excessive sun exposure during peak hours, wearing protective clothing, and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF can significantly reduce the risk.

Early detection and regular skin examinations remain essential for improving treatment outcomes and protecting long-term skin health.

Source: Cancer Research UK – How Does the Sun Cause Cancer? (26 May 2025)